Makkah (UNA/SPA) – A tsawon tarihin aikin Hajji, sufuri yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi tasiri wajen sauƙaƙa isowar mahajjata zuwa Masallacin Mai Tsarki. Ci gabansa yana da alaƙa da hidimar mahajjata da kuma rage wahalhalun tafiyarsu, tun daga ayarin da suka ratsa hamada a kan raƙumi, har zuwa jiragen ƙasa masu sauri da tsarin wayo waɗanda ke kula da motsin miliyoyin mahajjata tare da ingantaccen aiki a wannan zamani.
Tsawon ƙarni da yawa, mahajjata sun dogara da hanyoyin sufuri na gargajiya, kamar raƙuma, dawaki, da jakuna, a cikin ayarin da aka tsara waɗanda suka tashi daga yankuna daban-daban na Musulunci zuwa Makka. Waɗannan ayarin sun kasance tsarin haɗin gwiwa wanda ya ƙunshi dubban mahajjata, suna tsayawa a wurare da aka keɓe don cika ruwansu da abubuwan da suka mallaka da kuma hutawa kafin su ci gaba da tafiyarsu zuwa wurare masu tsarki.
Littattafan tarihin Musulunci sun rubuta abubuwan da mahajjata suka yi isowa Makka daga ko'ina cikin duniyar Musulunci, musamman littafin "Kyauta ga waɗanda ke Tunani game da Al'ajabin Birane da Abubuwan Al'ajabi na Tafiya" na matafiyin ɗan ƙasar Morocco Ibn Battuta, inda ya rubuta abubuwan da ya lura da su game da tafiye-tafiyen Hajji, yana bayyana jerin gwanon mahajjata, hanyoyin ayarin, da matakin tsaro a kan hanyoyi, baya ga bayanin da ya yi game da fannoni na rayuwa a Makka a lokacin lokacin Hajji, da ayyukan addini, zamantakewa da kasuwanci da yake gani, wanda ke nuna matsayinta a matsayin wurin da Musulmai daga ko'ina cikin duniyar Musulunci za su je.
Duk da muhimmancin waɗannan hanyoyin a lokacinsu, tafiyar Hajji wani lokacin tana ɗaukar watanni da dama, a tsakanin ƙalubale masu wahala da suka haɗa da rashin kyawun hanyoyi, sauyin yanayi, da ƙarancin ruwa a wasu hanyoyi, wanda hakan ya sa yin aikin hajjin ya buƙaci haƙuri da ƙoƙari sosai.
A wani mataki na gaba, sufuri ya shaida gagarumin sauyi tare da gabatar da sufurin jiragen ruwa, yayin da jiragen ruwa na gargajiya da na tururi suka fara jigilar mahajjata daga ƙasashen Asiya da Afirka a kan Tekun Maliya zuwa Tashar Musulunci ta Jeddah, wanda tsawon shekaru da dama ya zama babbar hanyar da miliyoyin mahajjata za su iya tsallakawa zuwa Makka, kafin a samar da ayyukan tashar jiragen ruwa da kayayyakin more rayuwa masu alaƙa a cikin shekaru da suka biyo baya.
Tare da haɓaka hanyoyin sufuri a duk duniya, motoci da bas na zamani sun fara shiga tsarin aikin Hajji, kuma gina manyan hanyoyi a Masarautar Saudiyya ya taimaka wajen hanzarta zirga-zirgar mutane tsakanin Makka, wurare masu tsarki, tashoshin jiragen ruwa na ƙasa da filayen jirgin sama, wanda hakan ya rage lokacin tafiya tare da ɗaga matakan aminci da jin daɗi ga mahajjata.
Jiragen sama na farar hula sun kawo gagarumin sauyi a harkokin jigilar mahajjata, yayin da jiragen sama suka zama hanya mafi shahara ga miliyoyin mahajjata don isa Masarautar kowace shekara daga nahiyoyi daban-daban na duniya a cikin tafiye-tafiyen da ke ɗaukar 'yan sa'o'i kawai maimakon makonni ko watanni.
Filin jiragen saman Saudiyya, musamman filin jirgin saman Sarki Abdulaziz na kasa da kasa da ke Jeddah, yanzu haka suna karbar mahajjata ta hanyar wani tsari na zamani wanda ya kunshi dakunan taruwa na musamman ga mahajjata da fasahar zamani don sauƙaƙe hanyoyin isa da tashi, tare da tabbatar da tafiya cikin kwanciyar hankali tun daga lokacin da mahajjacin ya isa Masarautar har zuwa lokacin da aka mayar da shi wurare masu tsarki.
A zamanin yau, Masarautar ta ƙirƙiro tsarin sufuri mai haɗaka a cikin Makkah da Wurare Masu Tsarki, tana dogara da sabbin fasahohi don sarrafa zirga-zirgar jama'a cikin inganci mai kyau. Daga cikin mafi shaharar waɗannan akwai aikin jirgin ƙasa mai tsarki, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyuka masu inganci a fannin kula da sufuri a lokacin aikin Hajji.
Jirgin ƙasa mai tsarki yana aiki bisa ga tsarin aiki mai wayo wanda ke haɗa wurare masu tsarki na Mina, Arafat da Muzdalifah ta hanyoyi na musamman, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga jigilar mahajjata masu yawa cikin santsi, da rage cunkoson ababen hawa a lokutan cunkoson ababen hawa, don haka yana inganta tsaro da matakan tsari.
Jirgin ƙasa mai saurin gudu na Haramain yana wakiltar wani gagarumin ci gaba a ayyukan sufuri da suka shafi aikin Hajji da Umrah, yayin da yake haɗa Makkah da Madina, yana ratsawa ta Jeddah da Sarki Abdullah Economic City, kuma yana samar da hanyoyin sufuri masu sauri, aminci da kuma lafiya ga muhalli, wanda ke rage lokacin tafiya tsakanin Makkah da Madina zuwa kimanin awanni biyu.
Baya ga jigilar jiragen ƙasa, tsarin aikin Hajji na zamani ya dogara ne akan manyan motocin bas na jigilar kaya waɗanda aka sanye su da tsarin bin diddigi da fasahar sarrafa zirga-zirga mai wayo, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa an tsara tafiyar mahajjata bisa ga tsare-tsaren aiki na musamman, baya ga faɗaɗa hanyoyin sadarwa na hanya, gadoji da hanyoyin rami waɗanda ke ɗaukar yawan jama'a a lokacin aikin Hajji.
A matsayin wani ɓangare na manufofin Masarautar Masarautar na 2030, hanyoyin jigilar mahajjata sun shaida ci gaba mai sauri ta hanyar amfani da fasahar zamani, fasahar wucin gadi da kuma nazarin bayanai a cikin kula da taron jama'a da kuma inganta ƙwarewar zirga-zirga a cikin wurare masu tsarki.
Waɗannan hanyoyin sun haɗa da manhajoji masu wayo waɗanda ke ba wa mahajjata damar sanin lokutan tafiya, hanyoyin bas, da matakan yawan jama'a a wurare masu tsarki, wanda ke taimakawa wajen inganta ingancin motsi da rage cunkoso.
A cikin littafinsa mai suna "Elements of Transportation in Hajj," wanda aka buga a shekarar 2021, Dr. Zuhair Abdullah Hussein Makki, tsohon Farfesa a fannin Sufuri a fannin Geography a Sashen Geography a Faculty of Social Sciences a Jami'ar Umm Al-Qura, ya nuna cewa ci gaban tsarin sufuri a aikin Hajji yana daya daga cikin manyan sauye-sauye a fannin kula da jama'a. Littafin ya yi magana game da ci gaban tsarin sufuri da hanyoyin aikin Hajji a tsawon tarihi, nazarin hanyoyin sadarwa, matsalolin muhalli, da matsalolin da suka shafi motsin mahajjata, wanda ya haifar da mafita ta zamani bisa ga hadewar fasaha da kuma kula da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa mai wayo.
Marubucin ya mayar da hankali kan bin diddigin hanyoyin ƙasa na aikin Hajji, gami da tsoffin hanyoyin ayarin motoci, hanyoyin da aka shimfida, da layukan jirgin ƙasa, baya ga sa ido kan hanyoyin teku da mahajjata ke amfani da su don isa Makka a lokutan aikin Hajji, da kuma bin diddigin hanyoyin iska na cikin gida a Masarautar, da kuma hanyoyin iska na waje waɗanda ke haɗa filayen jirgin saman Masarautar da takwarorinsu a ƙasashen duniyar Musulunci.
Da yake magana game da sufuri, ya bayyana cewa da farko an takaita shi ne kawai ga tafiya ko amfani da dabbobi, kafin a ga ci gaba mai girma tare da fitowar motoci a matsayin hanyar zamani ta jigilar mahajjata. Tare da faɗaɗa sufuri, an haɗa motocin bas cikin tsarin jigilar mahajjata cikin tsari, wanda ya tilasta kafa Babban Ƙungiyar Motoci don kula da ayyukan sufuri da rarraba mahajjata tsakanin kamfanonin da ke aiki a wannan fanni.
Dr. Zuhair Makki ya bayyana cewa kwanciyar hankalin siyasa da tsaro ya taimaka kai tsaye wajen bunƙasa harkokin tattalin arziki, wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa hanyoyin ƙasa na zamani da kuma haɓaka ababen more rayuwa, wanda hakan ya ƙara sauƙaƙa tafiyar mahajjata tare da haɓaka ingancin ayyukan da aka ba su.
Ci gaban da aka samu a fannin jigilar mahajjata ya nuna irin kulawar da Masarautar ke bayarwa ga hidimar baƙi, ta hanyar haɓaka ababen more rayuwa, haɓaka ingancin ayyuka, haɗa hukumomin da abin ya shafa, da kuma amfani da mafi girman ƙa'idojin aminci da dorewa.
Tafiyar aikin Hajji ta rikide daga ayarin da ke ratsa hamada a kan raƙumi zuwa jiragen ƙasa masu sauri, jiragen sama, da tsarin zamani, inda aka yi amfani da dukkan hanyoyin sufuri na zamani a matsayin wani ɓangare na ci gaba da labarin ci gaban wayewa da fasaha wanda ke nuna sha'awar Masarautar na amfani da dukkan damar da za ta yi wa mahajjata hidima da kuma samar da tafiya ta ruhaniya mafi daɗi, aminci, da santsi ga baƙi daga ko'ina cikin duniya.
(Na gama)
